Urine metabolomics, has been introduced as diagnostic tool for early detection of urological cancers. Metabolomics, an analysis of the low molecular weight molecules in cells, tissues or fluids known as metabolites, demonstrated great promise in the early detection, diagnosis, prediction and pharmacodynamic monitoring of therapy. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen), for example, is considered the most reliable biomarker of prostatic cancer, but its limited specificity results in a large number of false positive cases. Tumor marker is a surrogate indicator that increases or decreases the suspicion of cancer onset, progression, recurrence or response to therapy. Urological cancers in general are detected at a relatively later stage. Here we are presenting an overview of metabolomics, focusing on urine metaboloic profiling as a biomarker for urological cancers and its role in future personalized cancer therapy.ĪBSTRACT A key challenge in cancer medicine is to detect cancer at the earliest stage possible. There are lacunae of knowledge among surgical community in general, regarding principles of metabolomics and its clinical applications. The use of urine metabolomics as a diagnostic tool has been validated in kidney, urinary bladder and prostate cancers and even covered by health insurance providers. Most tumors have a unique profile of their own, and at least some of them have a profile that differs in the early form and the late stages of cancer process. In theory this is an ideal means to study urological cancers, given that low molecular weight compounds are freely filtered in urine.
A key challenge in cancer medicine is to detect cancer at the earliest stage possible.
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